Louisiana Civil Code

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Table of Contents (Download PDF)

• Preliminary Title (Art. 1 to 23)
  • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 1 to 8)
  • Chapter 2 Interpretation of Laws (Art. 9 to 13)
  • Chapter 3 Conflict of Laws (Art. 14 to 23)
• Book I Of Persons (Art. 24 to 399)
  • Title I Natural and Juridical Persons (Art. 24 to 37)
  • Title II Domicile (Art. 38 to 46)
  • Title III Absent Persons (Art. 47 to 85)
    • Chapter 1 Curatorship of the Property of Absent Persons (Art. 47 to 53)
    • Chapter 2 Declaration of Death (Art. 54 to 85)
  • Title IV Husband and Wife (Art. 86 to 101)
    • Chapter 1 Marriage: General Principles (Art. 86 to 93)
    • Chapter 2 Nullity of Marriage (Art. 94 to 97)
    • Chapter 3 Incidents and Effects of Marriage (Art. 98 to 100)
    • Chapter 4 Termination of Marriage (Art. 101)
  • Title V Divorce (Art. 102 to 161)
    • Chapter 1 The Divorce Action (Art. 102 to 110)
    • Chapter 2 Provisional and Incidental Proceedings (Art. 111 to 158)
      • Section 1 Spousal Support (Art. 111 to 120)
      • Section 2 Claim for Contributions to Education or Training (Art. 121 to 130)
      • Section 3 Child Custody (Art. 131 to 140)
      • Section 4 Child Support (Art. 141 to 150)
      • Section 5 Provisional and Incidental Proceedings in Actions of Nullity (Art. 151 to 158)
    • Chapter 3 Effects of Divorce (Art. 159 to 161)
  • Title VI Of Master and Servant (Art. 162 to 177)
  • Title VII Parent and Child (Art. 178 to 245)
    • Chapter 1 Filiation (Art. 178 to 183)
    • Chapter 2 Filiation by Proof of Maternity or Paternity (Art. 184 to 198)
      • Section 1 Proof of Maternity (Art. 184)
      • Section 2 Proof of Paternity (Art. 185 to 198)
        • Subsection A The Presumption of Paternity of Husband; Disavowal of Paternity; Contestation; Establishment of Paternity (Art. 185 to 194)
        • Subsection B Presumption of Paternity by Subsequent Marriage and Acknowledgment (Art. 195)
        • Subsection C Other Methods of Establishing Paternity (Art. 196 to 198)
    • Chapter 3 Filiation by Adoption (Art. 199 to 214)
      • Section 1 Effect of Adoption (Art. 199)
      • Section 2 Adoption of Minors (Art. 200 to 211)
      • Section 3 Adoption of Adults (Art. 212 to 214)
    • Chapter 4 Filiation of Children by Assisted Reproductive Technology [Reserved]
    • Chapter 5 Parental Authority of Married Persons (Art. 215 to 235)
      • Section 1 General Principles of Parental Authority (Art. 221 to 223)
      • Section 2 Obligations of Parents (Art. 224 to 226)
      • Section 3 Obligations of Children (Art. 227 to 228)
      • Section 4 Authority Over the Property of the Child (Art. 229 to 231)
      • Section 5 Persons Having Parental Authority and of Its Delegation and Suspension (Art. 232 to 234)
      • Section 6 Termination of Parental Authority (Art. 235)
    • Chapter 6 Obligations of Children and Parents and Other Ascendants (Art. 236 to 245)
  • Title VIII Of Minors, of their Tutorship and Emancipation (Art. 246 to 688)
    • Chapter 1 Of Tutorship (Art. 246 to 364)
      • Section 1 General Dispositions (Art. 246 to 249)
      • Section 2 Of Tutorship by Nature (Art. 250 to 256)
      • Section 3 Of the Tutorship by Will (Art. 257 to 262)
      • Section 4 Of the Tutorship by the Effect of the Law (Art. 263 to 269)
      • Section 5 Of Dative Tutorship (Art. 270 to 272)
      • Section 6 Of the Undertutor (Art. 273 to 280)
      • Section 7 Of Family Meetings (Art. 281 to 291)
      • Section 8 Of the Causes which Dispense or Excuse from the Tutorship (Art. 292 to 301)
      • Section 9 Of the Incapacity For, the Exclusion From, and Deprivation of the Tutorship (Art. 302 to 306)
      • Section 10 Of the Appointment, Recognition, or Confirmation of Tutors, of the Persons Whose Duty it is to Cause Tutors to be Appointed and of the Liability of Such Persons (Art. 307 to 335)
      • Section 11 Of the Administration of the Tutor (Art. 336 to 353)
      • Section 12 Of Continuing or Permanent Tutorship of Mentally Retarded Persons (Art. 354 to 364)
    • Chapter 2 Emancipation (Art. 365 to 388)
  • Title IX Persons Unable to Care for their Persons or Property (Art. 389 to 399)
    • Chapter 1 Grounds for Interdiction (Art. 389 to 391)
    • Chapter 2 General Duties of Curators and Undercurators (Art. 392 to 393)
    • Chapter 3 Effects of Interdiction (Art. 394 to 396)
    • Chapter 4 Modification and Termination of Interdiction (Art. 397 to 398)
    • Chapter 5 Responsibility for Wrongful Filing of Interdiction Petition (Art. 399)
  • Title X Of Corporations [Repealed]
• Book II Things and the Different Modifications of Ownership (Art. 448 to 869)
  • Title I Things (Art. 448 to 476)
    • Chapter 1 Division of Things (Art. 448 to 475)
      • Section 1 General Principles (Art. 448 to 461)
      • Section 2 Immovables (Art. 462 to 470)
      • Section 3 Movables (Art. 471 to 475)
    • Chapter 2 Rights in Things (Art. 476)
  • Title II Ownership (Art. 477 to 532)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 477 to 482)
    • Chapter 2 Right of Accession (Art. 483 to 516)
      • Section 1 Ownership of Fruits (Art. 483 to 489)
      • Section 2 Accession in Relation to Immovables (Art. 490 to 506)
      • Section 3 Accession in Relation to Movables (Art. 507 to 516)
    • Chapter 3 Transfer of Ownership by Agreement (Art. 517 to 525)
    • Chapter 4 Protection of Ownership (Art. 526 to 532)
  • Title III Personal Servitudes (Art. 533 to 645)
    • Chapter 1 Kinds of Servitudes (Art. 533 to 534)
    • Chapter 2 Usufruct (Art. 535 to 629)
      • Section 1 General Principles (Art. 535 to 549)
      • Section 2 Rights of the Usufructuary (Art. 550 to 569)
      • Section 3 Obligations of the Usufructuary (Art. 570 to 602)
      • Section 4 Rights and Obligations of the Naked Owner (Art. 603 to 606)
      • Section 5 Termination of Usufruct (Art. 607 to 629)
    • Chapter 3 Habitation (Art. 630 to 638)
    • Chapter 4 Rights of Use (Art. 639 to 645)
  • Title IV Predial Servitudes (Art. 646 to 774)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 646 to 654)
    • Chapter 2 Natural Servitudes (Art. 655 to 658)
    • Chapter 3 Legal Servitudes (Art. 659 to 696)
      • Section 1 Limitations on Ownership (Art. 659 to 672)
      • Section 2 Common Enclosures (Art. 673 to 688)
      • Section 3 Right of Passage (Art. 689 to 696)
    • Chapter 4 Conventional or Voluntary Servitudes (Art. 697 to 774)
      • Section 1 Kinds of Conventional Servitudes (Art. 697 to 707)
      • Section 2 Establishment of Predial Servitudes by Title (Art. 708 to 734)
      • Section 3 Acquisition of Conventional Servitudes for the Dominant Estate (Art. 735 to 743)
      • Section 4 Rights of the Owner of the Dominant Estate (Art. 744 to 750)
      • Section 5 Extinction of Predial Servitudes (Art. 751 to 774)
  • Title V Building Restrictions (Art. 775 to 783)
  • Title VI Boundaries (Art. 784 to 796)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 784 to 791)
    • Chapter 2 Effect of Titles, Prescription, or Possession (Art. 792 to 796)
  • Title VII Ownership in Indivision (Art. 797 to 869)
• Book III Of the Different Modes of Acquiring the Ownership of Things (Art. 870 to 3514)
  • Preliminary Title General Dispositions (Art. 870)
  • Title I Of Successions (Art. 871 to 1466)
    • Chapter 1 Of the Different Sorts of Successions and Successors (Art. 871 to 879)
    • Chapter 2 Of Intestate Succession (Art. 880 to 901)
    • Chapter 3 Of the Rights of the State (Art. 902 to 933)
    • Chapter 4 Commencement of Succession (Art. 934 to 938)
    • Chapter 5 Loss of Succession Rights (Art. 939 to 946)
    • Chapter 6 Acceptance and Renunciation of Successions (Art. 947 to 1074)
      • Section 1 General Principles (Art. 947 to 956)
      • Section 2 Acceptance (Art. 957 to 962)
      • Section 3 Renunciation (Art. 963 to 966)
      • Section 4 Acceptance of Succession by Creditors (Art. 967 to 1074)
    • Chapter 7 Of the Seals, and of the Affixing and Raising of the Same [Repealed] (Art. 1075 to 1094)
    • Chapter 8 Of the Administration of Vacant and Intestate Successions (Art. 1095 to 1219)
      • Section 1 General Dispositions (Art. 1095 to 1100)
      • Section 2 Of the Inventory of Vacant and Intestate Successions Subject to Administration [Repealed] (Art. 1101 to 1112)
      • Section 3 Of the Appointment of Curators to Successions, and of the Security they are Bound to Give [Repealed] (Art. 1113 to 1132)
      • Section 4 Of the Duties and Powers of Curators of Vacant Successions and of Absent Heirs (Art. 1133 to 1157)
      • Section 5 Of the Causes for which a Curator of a Succession may be Dismissed or Superseded [Repealed] (Art. 1158 to 1161)
      • Section 6 Of the Sale of the Effects and of the Settlement of Successions Administered by Curators (Art. 1162 to 1190)
      • Section 7 Of the Account to be rendered by the Curators and the Commission Due to them (Art. 1191 to 1209)
      • Section 8 Of the Appointment of Counsel of Absent Heirs, and of their Duties [Repealed] (Art. 1210 to 1219)
    • Chapter 9 Of the Successions of Persons Domiciliated Out of the State, and of the Tax Due by Foreign Heirs, Legatees and Donees [Repealed] (Art. 1220 to 1223)
      • Section 1 Of the Successions of Persons Domiciliated Out of the State [Repealed] (Art. 1220)
      • Section 2 Of the Tax Due by Foreign Heirs, Legatees and Donees [Repealed] (Art. 1221 to 1223)
    • Chapter 10 Of Successions Administered by Syndics [Repealed] (Art. 1224 to 1226)
    • Chapter 11 Of Collations (Art. 1227 to 1288)
      • Section 1 What Collation is, and by Whom It is Due (Art. 1227 to1241)
      • Section 2 To Whom the Collation is Due, and What Things are Subject to It (Art. 1242 to 1250)
      • Section 3 How Collations are Made (Art. 1251 to 1288)
    • Chapter 12 Of the Partition of Successions (Art. 1289 to 1414)
      • Section 1 Of the Nature of Partition, and of its Several Kinds (Art. 1289 to 1306)
      • Section 2 Among What Persons Partition Can be Sued For (Art. 1307 to 1321)
      • Section 3 In What Manner the Judicial Partition is Made (Art. 1322 to 1346)
      • Section 4 How the Recorder of the Parish or the Notary is Bound to Proceed in the Judicial Partition (Art. 1347 to 1381)
      • Section 5 Of the Effect of Partition (Art. 1382 to 1383)
      • Section 6 Of the Warranty of Partition (Art. 1384 to 1396)
      • Section 7 Of the Rescission of Partition (Art. 1397 to 1414)
    • Chapter 13 Payment of the Debts of an Estate (Art. 1415 to 1466)
      • Section 1 General Dispositions Introduction (Art. 1415)
      • Section 2 Rights of Creditors (Art. 1416 to 1419)
      • Section 3 Responsibility of Successors among Themselves (Art. 1420 to 1466)
  • Title II Donations (Art. 1467 to 1755)
    • Chapter 1 General Dispositions (Art. 1467 to 1469)
    • Chapter 2 Of the Capacity Necessary for Disposing and Receiving by Donation Inter Vivos or Mortis Causa (Art. 1470 to 1492)
    • Chapter 3 The Disposable Portion and its Reduction in Case of Excess (Art. 1493 to 1518)
    • Chapter 4 Of Dispositions Reprobated by Law in Donations Inter Vivos and Mortis Causa (Art. 1519 to 1522)
    • Chapter 5 Donations Inter Vivos (art. 1523 to 1569.1)
      • Section 1 General Dispositions (Art. 1523 to 1540)
      • Section 2 Of the Form of Donations Inter Vivos (Art. 1541 to 1555)
      • Section 3 Exceptions to the Rule of the Irrevocability of Donations Inter Vivos (Art. 1556 to 1569.1)
    • Chapter 6 Dispositions Mortis Causa (Art. 1570 to 1723)
      • Section 1 Testaments Generally (Art. 1570 to 1573)
      • Section 2 Forms of Testaments (Art. 1574 to 1580.1)
      • Section 3 Of the Competence of Witnesses and of Certain Designations in Testaments (Art. 1581 to 1583)
      • Section 4 Testamentary Dispositions (Art. 1584 to 1604)
      • Section 5 Probate of Testaments (Art. 1605)
      • Section 6 Revocation of Testaments and Legacies (Art. 1606 to 1610.1)
      • Section 7 Rules for the Interpretation of Legacies (Art. 1611 to 1616)
      • Section 8 Disinherison (Art. 1617 to 1723)
    • Chapter 7 Of Partitions Made by Parents and Other Ascendants among their Descendants (Art. 1724 to 1733)
    • Chapter 8 Of Donations Inter Vivos Made in Contemplation of Marriage by Third Persons (Art. 1734 to 1743)
      • Section 1 In General (Art. 1734 to 1736)
      • Section 2 Donations of Present Property (Art. 1737)
      • Section 3 Donations of Property to be Left at Death (Art. 1738 to 1743)
    • Chapter 9 Of Interspousal Donations Inter Vivos (Art. 1744 to 1755)
  • Title III Obligations in General (Art. 1756 to 1905)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 1756 to 1759)
    • Chapter 2 Natural Obligations (Art. 1760 to 1762)
    • Chapter 3 Kinds of Obligations (Art. 1763 to 1820)
      • Section 1 Real Obligations (Art. 1763 to 1764)
      • Section 2 Strictly Personal and Heritable Obligations (Art. 1765 to 1766)
      • Section 3 Conditional Obligations (Art. 1767 to 1776)
      • Section 4 Obligations with a Term (Art. 1777 to 1785)
      • Section 5 Obligations with Multiple Persons (Art. 1786 to 1806)
      • Section 6 Conjunctive and Alternative Obligations (Art. 1807 to 1814)
      • Section 7 Divisible and Indivisible Obligations (Art. 1815 to 1820)
    • Chapter 4 Transfer of Obligations (Art. 1821 to 1830)
      • Section 1 Assumption of Obligations (Art. 1821 to 1824)
      • Section 2 Subrogation (Art. 1825 to 1830)
    • Chapter 5 Proof of Obligations (Art. 1831 to 1853)
    • Chapter 6 Extinction of Obligations (Art. 1854 to 1905)
      • Section 1 Performance (Art. 1854 to 1872)
        • Subsection A Imputation of Payment (Art. 1864 to 1868)
        • Subsection B Tender and Deposit (Art. 1869 to 1872)
      • Section 2 Impossibility of Performance (Art. 1873 to 1878)
      • Section 3 Novation (Art. 1879 to 1887)
      • Section 4 Remission of Debt (Art. 1888 to 1892)
      • Section 5 Compensation (Art. 1893 to 1902)
      • Section 6 Confusion (Art. 1903 to 1905)
  • Title IV Conventional Obligations or Contracts (Art. 1906 to 2291)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 1906 to 1917)
    • Chapter 2 Contractual Capacity and Exceptions (Art. 1918 to 1926)
    • Chapter 3 Consent (Art. 1927 to 1947)
    • Chapter 4 Vices of Consent (Art. 1948 to 1965)
      • Section 1 Error (Art. 1948 to 1952)
      • Section 2 Fraud (Art. 1953 to 1958)
      • Section 3 Duress (Art. 1959 to 1964)
      • Section 4 Lesion (Art. 1965)
    • Chapter 5 Cause (Art. 1966 to 1970)
    • Chapter 6 Object and Matter of Contracts (Art. 1971 to 1977)
    • Chapter 7 Third Party Beneficiary (Art. 1978 to 1982)
    • Chapter 8 Effects of Conventional Obligations (Art. 1983 to 2012)
      • Section 1 General Effects of Contracts (Art. 1983 to 1985)
      • Section 2 Specific Performance (Art. 1986 to 1988)
      • Section 3 Putting in Default (Art. 1989 to 1993)
      • Section 4 Damages (Art. 1994 to 2004)
      • Section 5 Stipulated Damages (Art. 2005 to 2012)
    • Chapter 9 Dissolution (Art. 2013 to 2024)
    • Chapter 10 Simulation (Art. 2025 to 2028)
    • Chapter 11 Nullity (Art. 2029 to 2035)
    • Chapter 12 Revocatory Action and Oblique Action (Art. 2036 to 2044)
      • Section 1 Revocatory Action (Art. 2036 to 2043)
      • Section 2 Oblique Action (Art. 2044)
    • Chapter 13 Interpretation of Contracts (Art. 2045 to 2291)
  • Title V Obligations Arising without Agreement (Art. 2292 to 2324.2)
    • Chapter 1 Management of Affairs (Negotiorum Gestio) (Art. 2292 to 2297)
    • Chapter 2 Enrichment without Cause (Art. 2298 to 2314)
      • Section 1 General Principles (Art. 2298)
      • Section 2 Payment of a Thing not owed (Art. 2299 to 2314)
    • Chapter 3 Of Offenses and Quasi Offenses (Art. 2315 to 2324.2)
  • Title VI Matrimonial Regimes (Art. 2325 to 2437)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 2325 to 2333)
    • Chapter 2 The Legal Regime of Community of Acquets and Gains (Art. 2334 to 2369.8)
      • Section 1 General Dispositions (Art. 2334 to 2345)
      • Section 2 Management of Community Property (Art. 2346 to 2355.1)
      • Section 3 Termination of the Community (Art. 2356 to 2369.8)
    • Chapter 3 Separation of Property Regime (Art. 2370 to 2431)
    • Chapter 4 Marital Portion (Art. 2432 to 2437)
  • Title VII Sale (Art. 2438 to 2659)
    • Chapter 1 Of the Nature and Form of the Contract of Sale (Art. 2438 to 2446)
    • Chapter 2 Of Persons Capable of Buying and Selling (Art. 2447)
    • Chapter 3 Of Things Which May be Sold (Art. 2448 to 2455)
    • Chapter 4 How the Contract of Sale is to be Perfected (Art. 2456 to 2463)
    • Chapter 5 Of the Price of the Contract of Sale (Art. 2464 to 2466)
    • Chapter 6 At Whose Risk the Thing is, After the Sale is Completed (Art. 2467 to 2473)
    • Chapter 7 Of the Obligations of the Seller (Art. 2474 to 2499)
    • Chapter 8 Eviction (Art. 2500 to 2519)
    • Chapter 9 Redhibition (Art. 2520 to 2548)
    • Chapter 10 Of the Obligations of the Buyer (Art. 2549 to 2566)
    • Chapter 11 Of the Sale with a Right of Redemption (Art. 2567 to 2588)
    • Chapter 12 Rescission for Lesion beyond Moiety (Art. 2589 to 2600)
    • Chapter 13 Sales of Movables (Art. 2601 to 2619)
    • Chapter 14 Agreements Preparatory to the Sale (Art. 2620 to 2641)
      • Section 1 Option (Art. 2620 to 2622)
      • Section 2 Contract to Sell (Art. 2623 to 2624)
      • Section 3 Right of First Refusal (Art. 2625 to 2626)
      • Section 4 Effects (Art. 2627 to 2641)
    • Chapter 15 Assignment of Rights (Art. 2642 to 2654)
    • Chapter 16 Of the Giving in Payment (Art. 2655 to 2659)
  • Title VIII Of Exchange (Art. 2660 to 2667)
  • Title IX Lease (Art. 2668 to 2777)
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions (Art. 2668 to 2672)
    • Chapter 2 Essential Elements (Art. 2673 to 2681)
      • Section 1 The Thing (Art. 2673 to 2674)
      • Section 2 The Rent (Art. 2675 to 2677)
      • Section 3 The Term (Art. 2678 to 2680)
      • Section 4 Form (Art. 2681)
    • Chapter 3 The Obligations of the Lessor and the Lessee (Art. 2682 to 2713)
      • Section 1 Principal Obligations (Art. 2682 to 2683)
      • Section 2 Delivery (Art. 2684 to 2685)
      • Section 3 Use of the Thing by the Lessee (Art. 2686 to 2689)
      • Section 4 Alterations, Repairs, and Additions (Art. 2690 to 2695)
      • Section 5 Lessor's Warranties (Art. 2696 to 2702)
        • Subsection 1 Warranty against Vices or Defects (Art. 2696 to 2699)
        • Subsection 2 Warranty of Peaceful Possession (Art. 2700 to 2702)
      • Section 6 Payment of Rent (Art. 2703 to 2706)
      • Section 7 Lessor's Security Rights (Art. 2707 to 2710)
      • Section 8 Transfer of Interest by the Lessor or the Lessee (Art. 2711 to 2713)
    • Chapter 4 Termination and Dissolution (Art. 2714 to 2744)
      • Section 1 Rules Applicable to All Leases (Art. 2714 to 2719)
      • Section 2 Leases with a Fixed Term (Art. 2720 to 2726)
      • Section 3 Leases with Indeterminate Term (Art. 2727 to 2744)
    • Chapter 5 Of the Letting Out of Labor or Industry (Art. 2745 to 2777)
      • Section 1 Of the Hiring of Servants and Laborers (Art. 2746 to 2750)
      • Section 2 Of Carriers and Watermen (Art. 2751 to 2755)
      • Section 3 Of Constructing Buildings According to Plots, and Other Works by the Job, and of Furnishing Materials (Art. 2756 to 2777)
  • Title X Annuities (Art. 2778 to 2800)
    • Chapter 1 Annuity Contract (Art. 2778 to 2786)
    • Chapter 2 Annuity Charge (Art. 2787 to 2800)
  • Title XI Partnership (Art. 2801 to 2848)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 2801 to 2807)
    • Chapter 2 Obligations and Rights of Partners toward Each Other and toward the Partnership (Art. 2808 to 2813)
    • Chapter 3 Relations of the Partnership and the Partners with Third Persons (Art. 2814 to 2817)
    • Chapter 4 Cessation of Membership (Art. 2818 to 2825)
      • Section 1 Causes of Cessation (Art. 2818 to 2822)
      • Section 2 Effects of Cessation of Membership and Rights of the Former Partner (Art. 2823 to 2825)
    • Chapter 5 Termination of a Partnership (Art. 2826 to 2831)
      • Section 1 Causes of Termination (Art. 2826 to 2829)
      • Section 2 Effects of Termination of Partnership and Rights of Former Partners (Art. 2830 to 2831)
    • Chapter 6 Dissolution, Liquidation, and Division of Assets (Art. 2832 to 2835)
    • Chapter 7 Partnership in Commendam (Art. 2836 to 2890)
  • Title XII Loan (Art. 2891 to 2925)
    • Chapter 1 Loan for Use (Commodatum) (Art. 2891 to 2903)
    • Chapter 2 Loan for Consumption (Mutuum) (Art. 2904 to 2912)
    • Chapter 3 Loan on Interest (Art. 2913 to 2925)
  • Title XIII Deposit and Sequestration (Art. 2926 to 2951)
    • Chapter 1 Deposit (Art. 2926 to 2940)
    • Chapter 2 Deposit with Innkeepers (Art. 2941 to 2945)
    • Chapter 3 Conventional Sequestration (Art. 2946 to 2948)
    • Chapter 4 Judicial Sequestration (Art. 2949 to 2951)
  • Title XIV Of Aleatory Contracts (Art. 2982 to 2984)
  • Title XV Representation and Mandate (Art. 2985 to 3034)
    • Chapter 1 Representation (Art. 2985 to 2988)
    • Chapter 2 Mandate (Art. 2989 to 3034)
      • Section 1 General Principles (Art. 2989 to 3000)
      • Section 2 Relations between the Principal and the Mandatary (Art. 3001 to 3015)
      • Section 3 Relations between the Principal, the Mandatary, and Third Persons (Art. 3016 to 3023)
        • Subsection A Relations between the Mandatary and Third Persons (Art. 3016 to 3019)
        • Subsection B Relations between the Principal and Third Persons (Art. 3020 to 3023)
      • Section 4 Termination of the Mandate and of the Authority of the Mandatary (Art. 3024 to 3034)
  • Title XVI Suretyship (Art. 3035 to 3070)
    • Chapter 1 Nature and Extent of Suretyship (Art. 3035 to 3040)
    • Chapter 2 Kinds of Suretyship (Art. 3041 to 3044)
    • Chapter 3 The Effects of Suretyship between the Surety and Creditor (Art. 3045 to 3046)
    • Chapter 4 The Effects of Suretyship between the Surety and Principal Obligor (Art. 3047 to 3054)
    • Chapter 5 The Effects of Suretyship among Several Sureties (Art. 3055 to 3057)
    • Chapter 6 Termination or Extinction of Suretyship (Art. 3058 to 3062)
    • Chapter 7 Legal Suretyship (Art. 3063 to 3070)
  • Title XVII Compromise (Art. 3071 to 3083)
  • Title XVIII Of Respite (Art. 3084 to 3098)
  • Title XIX Of Arbitration (Art. 3099 to 3132)
  • Title XX Security (Art. 3133 to 3140)
  • Title XX-A Pledge (Art. 3141 to 3181)
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions (Art. 3141 to 3167)
    • Chapter 2 The Pledge of the Lessor's Rights in the Lease of an Immovable and its Rent (Art. 3168 to 3181)
  • Title XXI Of Privileges (Art. 3182 to 3277)
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions (Art. 3182 to 3185)
    • Chapter 2 Of the Several Kinds of Privileges (Art. 3186 to 3189)
    • Chapter 3 Of Privileges on Movables (Art. 3190 to 3248)
      • Section 1 Of General Privileges on Movables (Art. 3191 to 3215)
        • §1 Of Funeral Charges (Art. 3192 to 3194)
        • §2 Of Law Charges (Art. 3195 to 3198)
        • §3 Of Expenses during the Last Sickness (Art. 3199 to 3204)
        • §4 Of the Wages of Servants (Art. 3205 to 3207)
        • §5 Of Supplies of Provisions (Art. 3208 to 3213)
        • §6 Of the Privilege of Clerks (Art. 3214 to 3215)
      • Section 2 Of the Privileges on Particular Movables (Art. 3216 to 3236)
        • §1 Of the Privilege of the Lessor (Art. 3218 to 3219)
        • §2 Of the Privilege of the Creditor on the Thing Pledged (Art. 3220 to 3221)
        • §3 Of the Privilege of a Depositor (Art. 3222 to 3223)
        • §4 Of Expenses Incurred for the Preservation of the Thing (Art. 3224 to 3226)
        • §5 Of the Privilege of the Vendor of Movable Effects (Art. 3227 to 3231)
        • §6 Of the Privilege of the Innkeeper on the Effects of the Traveler (Art. 3232 to 3236)
      • Section 3 Of the Privilege on Ships and Merchandise (Art. 3237 to 3248)
    • Chapter 4 Of Privileges on Immovables (Art. 3249 to 3251)
    • Chapter 5 Of Privileges which Embrace both Movables and Immovables (Art. 3252 to 3253)
    • Chapter 6 Of the Order in which Privileged Creditors are to be Paid (Art. 3254 to 3270)
    • Chapter 7 How Privileges are Preserved and Recorded (Art. 3271 to 3276)
    • Chapter 8 Of the Manner in which Privileges are Extinguished (Art. 3277)
  • Title XXII Mortgages (Art. 3278 to 3337)
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions (Art. 3278 to 3286)
    • Chapter 2 Conventional Mortgages (Art. 3287 to 3298)
    • Chapter 3 Judicial and Legal Mortgages (Art. 3299 to 3306)
    • Chapter 4 The Effect and Rank of Mortgages (Art. 3307 to 3314)
    • Chapter 5 Third Possessors (Art. 3315 to 3318)
    • Chapter 6 Extinction of Mortgages (Art. 3319)
    • Chapter 7 Inscription of Mortgages and Privileges (Art. 3320 to 3337)
  • Title XXII-A Of Registry (Art. 3338 to 3411)
    • Chapter 1 General Provisions (Art. 3338 to 3353)
    • Chapter 2 Mortgage Records (Art. 3354 to 3411)
      • Section 1 General Provisions (Art. 3354 to 3356)
      • Section 2 Method and Duration of Recordation (Art. 3357 to 3365)
      • Section 3 Cancellation (Art. 3366 to 3411)
  • Title XXIII Occupancy and Possession (Art. 3412 to 3444)
    • Chapter 1 Occupancy (Art. 3412 to 3420)
    • Chapter 2 Possession (Art. 3421 to 3444)
      • Section 1 Notion and Kinds of Possession (Art. 3421 to 3423)
      • Section 2 Acquisition, Exercise, Retention, and Loss of Possession (Art. 3424 to 3434)
      • Section 3 Vices of Possession (Art. 3435 to 3436)
      • Section 4 Precarious Possession (Art. 3437 to 3440)
      • Section 5 Transfer, Tacking, and Proof of Possession (Art. 3441 to 3444)
  • Title XXIV Prescription (Art. 3445 to 3505)
    • Chapter 1 General Principles (Art. 3445 to 3461)
      • Section 1 Prescription (Art. 3445 to 3457)
      • Section 2 Peremption (Art. 3458 to 3461)
    • Chapter 2 Interruption and Suspension of Prescription (Art. 3462 to 3472)
      • Section 1 Interruption of Prescription (Art. 3462 to 3466)
      • Section 2 Suspension of Prescription (Art. 3467 to 3472)
    • Chapter 3 Acquisitive Prescription (Art. 3473 to 3491)
      • Section 1 Immovables: Prescription of Ten Years in Good Faith and Under Just Title (Art. 3473 to 3485)
      • Section 2 Immovables: Prescription of Thirty Years (Art. 3486 to 3488)
      • Section 3 Movables: Acquisitive Prescription of Three Years or Ten Years (Art. 3489 to 3491)
    • Chapter 4 Liberative Prescription (Art. 3492 to 3505)
      • Section 1 One Year Prescription (Art. 3492 to 3493)
      • Section 1-A Two Year Prescription (Art. 3493.10)
      • Section 2 Three Year Prescription (Art. 3494 to 3496.1)
      • Section 3 Five Year Prescription (Art. 3497 to 3498)
      • Section 4 Ten Year Prescription (Art. 3499 to 3501.1)
      • Section 5 Thirty Year Prescription (Art. 3502)
      • Section 6 Interruption and Suspension of Liberative Prescription (Art. 3503 to 3505)
  • Title XXV Of the Signification of Sundry Terms of Law Employed in this Code (Art. 3506 to 3514)
• Book IV Conflict of Laws (Art. 3515 to 3556)
  • Title I General Provisions (Art. 3515 to 3518)
  • Title II Status (Art. 3519 to 3522)
  • Title III Marital Property (Art. 3523 to 3527)
  • Title IV Successions (Art. 3528 to 3534)
  • Title V Real Rights (Art. 3535 to 3536)
  • Title VI Conventional Obligations (Art. 3537 to 3541)
  • Title VII Delictual and Quasi-Delictual Obligations (Art. 3542 to 3548)
  • Title VIII Liberative Prescription (Art. 3549 to 3556)

SECTION 3 - OBLIGATIONS OF THE USUFRUCTUARY

Art. 570. The usufructuary shall cause an inventory to be made of the property subject to the usufruct. In the absence of an inventory the naked owner may prevent the usufructuary's entry into possession of the property.

The inventory shall be made in accordance with the rules established in Articles 3131 through 3137 of the Code of Civil Procedure. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 571. The usufructuary shall give security that he will use the property subject to the usufruct as a prudent administrator and that he will faithfully fulfill all the obligations imposed on him by law or by the act that established the usufruct unless security is dispensed with. If security is required, the court may order that it be provided in accordance with law. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2004, No. 158, §1]

Art. 572. The security shall be in the amount of the total value of the property subject to the usufruct.

The court may increase or reduce the amount of the security, on proper showing, but the amount shall not be less than the value of the movables subject to the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 573. A. Security is dispensed with when any of the following occur:

(1) A person has a legal usufruct under Civil Code Article 223 or 3252.

(2) A surviving spouse has a legal usufruct under Civil Code Article 890 unless the naked owner is not a child of the usufructuary or if the naked owner is a child of the usufructuary and is also a forced heir of the decedent, the naked owner may obtain security but only to the extent of his legitime.

(3) A parent has a legal usufruct under Civil Code Article 891 unless the naked owner is not a child of the usufructuary.

(4) A surviving spouse has a legal usufruct under Civil Code Article 2434 unless the naked owner is a child of the decedent but not a child of the usufructuary.

B. A seller or donor of property under reservation of usufruct are not required to give security. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2004, No. 158, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 574. A delay in giving security does not deprive the usufructuary of the fruits derived from the property since the commencement of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]]

Art. 575. If the usufructuary does not give security, the court may order that the property be delivered to an administrator appointed in accordance with Articles 3111 through 3113 of the Code of Civil Procedure for administration on behalf of the usufructuary. The administration terminates if the usufructuary gives security. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 576. The usufructuary is answerable for losses resulting from his fraud, default, or neglect. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 577. The usufructuary is responsible for ordinary maintenance and repairs for keeping the property subject to the usufruct in good order, whether the need for these repairs arises from accident or force majeure, the normal use of things, or his fault or neglect.

The naked owner is responsible for extraordinary repairs, unless they have become necessary as a result of the usufructuary's fault or neglect in which case the usufructuary is bound to make them at his cost. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1. Amended by Acts 1979, No. 157, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 578. Extraordinary repairs are those for the reconstruction of the whole or of a substantial part of the property subject to the usufruct. All others are ordinary repairs. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 579. During the existence of the usufruct, the naked owner may compel the usufructuary to make the repairs for which the usufructuary is responsible.

The usufructuary may not compel the naked owner to make the extraordinary repairs for which the owner is responsible. If the naked owner refuses to make them, the usufructuary may do so, and he shall be reimbursed without interest by the naked owner at the end of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 580. If, after the usufruct commences and before the usufructuary is put in possession, the naked owner incurs necessary expenses or makes repairs for which the usufructuary is responsible, the naked owner has the right to claim the cost from the usufructuary and may retain the possession of the things subject to the usufruct until he is paid. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010] 

Art. 581. The usufructuary is answerable for all expenses that become necessary for the preservation and use of the property after the commencement of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 582. The usufructuary may release himself from the obligation to make repairs by abandoning the usufruct or, with the approval of the court, a portion thereof, even if the owner has instituted suit to compel him to make repairs or bear the expenses of them, and even if the usufructuary has been cast in judgment.

He may not release himself from the charges of the enjoyment during the period of his possession, nor from accountability for the damages that he, or persons for whom he is responsible, may have caused. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 583. Neither the usufructuary nor the naked owner is bound to restore property that has been totally destroyed through accident, force majeure, or age.

If the naked owner elects to restore the property or to make extraordinary repairs, he shall do so within a reasonable time and in the manner least inconvenient and onerous for the usufructuary. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 584. The usufructuary is bound to pay the periodic charges, such as property taxes, that may be imposed, during his enjoyment of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 585. The usufructuary is bound to pay the extraordinary charges that may be imposed, during the existence of the usufruct, on the property subject to it. If these charges are of a nature to augment the value of the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary at the end of the usufruct only for the capital expended. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 586. When the usufruct is established inter vivos, the usufructuary is not liable for debts of the grantor, but if the debt is secured by an encumbrance of the thing subject to the usufruct, the thing may be sold for the payment of the debt. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 587. When the usufruct is established mortis causa, the usufructuary is not liable for estate debts, but the property subject to the usufruct may be sold for the payment of estate debts, in accordance with the rules provided for the payment of the debt of an estate in Book III of this Code. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 588. When property subject to a usufruct established inter vivos is encumbered to secure a debt before the commencement of the usufruct, the usufructuary may advance the funds needed to discharge the indebtedness. If he does so, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary, without interest, at the termination of the usufruct, for the principal of the debt the usufructuary has discharged, and for any interest the usufructuary has paid that had accrued on the debt before the commencement of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 589. If the usufructuary of a usufruct established mortis causa advances funds to discharge an estate debt charged to the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner shall reimburse the usufructuary, without interest, at the termination of the usufruct, but only to the extent of the principal of the debt he has discharged and for any interest he has paid that had accrued on the debt before the commencement of the usufruct. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 590. If the usufructuary fails or refuses to advance the funds needed to discharge a debt secured by property subject to the usufruct, or an estate debt that is charged to the property subject to the usufruct, the naked owner may advance the funds needed. If he does so, the naked owner may demand that the usufructuary pay him interest during the period of the usufruct. If the naked owner does not advance the funds, he may demand that all or part of the property be sold as needed to discharge the debt. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 591. If property subject to the usufruct is sold to pay an estate debt, or a debt of the grantor, the usufruct attaches to any proceeds of the sale of the property that remain after payment of the debt. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 592. If there is more than one usufructuary of the same property, each contributes to the payment of estate debts that are charged to the property in proportion to his enjoyment of the property. If one or more of the usufructuaries fails to advance his share, those of them who advance the funds shall have the right to recover the funds they advance from those who do not advance their shares. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 593. Unless there is a governing testamentary disposition, the legacy of an annuity that is chargeable to property subject to a usufruct is payable first from the fruits and products of the property subject to the usufruct and then from the property itself. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 1990, No. 706, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 594. Court costs in actions concerning the property subject to the usufruct are taxed in accordance with the rules of the Code of Civil Procedure. Expenses of litigation other than court costs are apportioned between usufructuaries and naked owners in accordance with the following Articles. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 595. Parents who have a legal usufruct of the property of their children are bound for expenses of litigation concerning that property, in the same manner as if they were owners of it; but reimbursement may be ordered by the court at the termination of the usufruct in cases in which inequity might otherwise result. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 596. Conventional usufructuaries are bound for expenses of litigation with third persons concerning the enjoyment of the property. Expenses of litigation with third persons concerning both the enjoyment and the ownership are divided equitably between the usufructuary and the naked owner. Expenses of litigation between the usufructuary and the naked owner are borne by the person who has incurred them. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 597. The usufructuary who loses a predial servitude by nonuse or who permits a servitude to be acquired on the property by prescription is responsible to the naked owner. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 598. If, during the existence of the usufruct, a third person encroaches on the immovable property or violates in any other way the rights of the naked owner, the usufructuary must inform the naked owner. When he fails to do so, he shall be answerable for the damages that the naked owner may suffer. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 599. When the usufruct includes a herd of animals, the usufructuary is bound to use it as a prudent administrator and, from the increase of the herd, replace animals that die. If the entire herd perishes without the fault of the usufructuary, the loss is borne by the naked owner. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 600. The usufructuary may dispose of individual animals of the herd, subject to the obligation to deliver to the naked owner at the end of the usufruct the value that the animals had at the time of disposition.

The usufructuary may also dispose of the herd or of a substantial part thereof, provided that he acts as a prudent administrator. In such a case, the proceeds are subject to the provisions of Article 618. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

Art. 601. The usufructuary may remove all improvements he has made, subject to the obligation of restoring the property to its former condition. He may not claim reimbursement from the owner for improvements that he does not remove or that cannot be removed. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1; Acts 2010, No. 881, §1, eff. Jul. 2, 2010]

Art. 602. The usufructuary may set off against damages due to the owner for the destruction or deterioration of the property subject to the usufruct the value of improvements that cannot be removed, provided they were made in accordance with Article 558. [Acts 1976, No. 103, §1]

SECCIÓN 3. DE LAS OBLIGACIONES DEL USUFRUCTUARIO

Art. 570. El usufructuario debe procurar que se haga inventario de los bienes sujetos al usufructo. A falta de inventario, el nudo propietario podrá evitar que el usufructuario tome posesión del bien.

El inventario debe realizarse de acuerdo con las reglas de los artículos 3131 a 3137 del Código Procesal Civil. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 571. A menos que se dispense la garantía, el usufructuario debe garantizar que utilizará los bienes objeto del usufructo como administrador prudente y que cumplirá fielmente todas las obligaciones que le imponga la ley o el acto por el que se constituyó el usufructo. Si se exige garantía, el juez puede ordenar que se preste conforme a la ley. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 158 de 2004].

Art. 572. La garantía debe ser por el monto total del bien sujeto al usufructo.

El juez puede aumentar o reducir el monto de la garantía, siempre que el pedido respectivo esté debidamente fundado, pero el monto no podrá ser inferior al valor de los bienes muebles sujetos al usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 573. A. Se dispensa la garantía si ocurre alguno de los siguientes supuestos: 

1) una persona tiene el usufructo legal conforme al artículo 223 o 3252 del Código Civil;

2) el cónyuge superviviente tiene un usufructo legal conforme al artículo 890 del Código Civil, a menos que el nudo propietario no sea hijo del usufructuario o, si el nudo propietario es hijo del usufructuario y también es heredero forzoso del causante, el nudo propietario podrá obtener una garantía, pero solo en la medida de su legítima;

3) un progenitor tiene el usufructo legal conforme al artículo 891 del Código Civil, a menos que el nudo propietario no sea hijo del usufructuario;

4) el cónyuge sobreviviente tiene el usufructo legal conforme al artículo 2434 del Código Civil, a menos que el nudo propietario sea hijo del causante, pero no hijo del usufructuario. 

B. No están obligados a prestar garantía el vendedor ni el donante de un bien con reserva de usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 158 de 2004; sección 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 574. La demora en la prestación de la garantía no priva al usufructuario de los frutos derivados del bien desde el comienzo del usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 575. Si el usufructuario no ofrece garantía, el juez puede ordenar que los bienes se entreguen a un administrador designado conforme a los artículos 3111 a 3113 del Código Procesal Civil para su administración en nombre del usufructuario. Cesa la administración si el usufructuario ofrece la garantía. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 576. El usufructuario responde por el deterioro derivado de su dolo, culpa o negligencia. 

Art. 577. El usufructuario es responsable por el mantenimiento y las reparaciones ordinarias para mantener el bien objeto del usufructo en buenas condiciones, ya sea que la necesidad de las reparaciones surja de un accidente o por fuerza mayor, el uso normal de las cosas, o su culpa o negligencia.

Las reparaciones extraordinarias están a cargo del nudo propietario, a menos que hayan devenido necesarias a consecuencia de la culpa o negligencia del usufructuario, en cuyo caso este estará obligado a hacer las reparaciones a su costo. [Modificado por sección 1, ley n.^o157 de 1979; sección 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 578. Son extraordinarias las reparaciones necesarias para la reconstrucción de la totalidad o de una parte sustancial del bien objeto del usufructo. Todas las demás son reparaciones ordinarias. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 579. Durante la vigencia del usufructo, el nudo propietario puede exigir al usufructuario que haga las reparaciones que están a cargo del usufructuario.

El usufructuario no puede exigir al nudo propietario que haga las reparaciones extraordinarias que están a cargo del nudo propietario. Si el nudo propietario se niega a hacerlas, el usufructuario puede hacerlas, y el nudo propietario le deberá reintegrar la suma correspondiente sin intereses al finalizar el usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 580. Si, después de iniciado el usufructo y antes de que el usufructuario esté en posesión, el nudo propietario incurre en gastos o hace reparaciones que están a cargo del usufructuario, el nudo propietario tiene derecho a reclamar el costo al usufructuario y puede conservar la posesión de las cosas objeto del usufructo hasta recibir el pago. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 581. El usufructuario es responsable por todos los gastos necesarios para la conservación y el uso del bien que surjan después del inicio del usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 582. El usufructuario puede liberarse de la obligación de hacer reparaciones abandonando el usufructo o, con la venia del juez, una parte de él, aun si el nudo propietario lo demandó para exigirle que haga las reparaciones o que cubra su costo, y aun si se condenó al usufructuario.

No puede liberarse de los cargos del goce durante su período de posesión, ni de la responsabilidad por los daños que hayan causado él o personas por las que él responde. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976]. 

Art. 583. Ni el usufructuario ni el nudo propietario están obligados a restablecer el bien que haya sido totalmente destruido a causa de un accidente, fuerza mayor o paso del tiempo. 

Si el nudo propietario opta por restablecer el bien o hacer las reparaciones extraordinarias, lo hará dentro de un período razonable y del modo que sea menos incómodo y oneroso para el usufructuario. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 584. El usufructuario está obligado a pagar los cargos periódicos, como los impuestos a la propiedad, que se puedan imponer durante su goce del usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 585. El usufructuario está obligado a pagar las cargas extraordinarias que se puedan imponer durante la existencia del usufructo al bien objeto de él. Si estos cargos son de tal naturaleza que aumentan el valor del bien objeto del usufructo, el nudo propietario reintegrará al usufructuario al final del usufructo solo el capital gastado. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 586. Cuando el usufructo se constituye entre vivos, el usufructuario no es responsable por las deudas del que lo constituya, pero si la deuda está garantizada con un gravamen sobre la cosa objeto del usufructo, se puede vender la cosa para pagar la deuda. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 587. Cuando el usufructo se constituye por causa de muerte, el usufructuario no es responsable por las deudas de la sucesión, pero el bien objeto del usufructo puede venderse para el pago de las deudas de la sucesión, de acuerdo con las reglas establecidas para el pago de las deudas sucesorias en el Libro III del presente Código. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 588. Cuando el bien objeto de un usufructo constituido entre vivos es gravado para garantizar una deuda antes del inicio del usufructo, el usufructuario puede adelantar los fondos necesarios para pagar la deuda. Si así lo hace, el nudo propietario debe reintegrar al usufructuario, sin intereses, a la finalización del usufructo, el capital de la deuda que saldó el usufructuario y el importe en concepto de intereses abonado por el usufructuario que se hubiera devengado sobre la deuda antes del inicio del usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 589. Si el usufructuario de un usufructo constituido por causa de muerte adelanta fondos para pagar una deuda de la sucesión que pesa sobre el bien objeto del usufructo, el nudo propietario debe reintegrar su importe al usufructuario, sin intereses, a la finalización del usufructo, pero solo en la medida del capital de la deuda que haya abonado y los intereses que haya pagado y que se hayan devengado sobre la deuda antes del inicio del usufructo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 590. Si el usufructuario omite o se niega a adelantar los fondos necesarios para pagar la deuda garantizada por el bien objeto del usufructo, o una deuda de la sucesión que pesa sobre el bien objeto del usufructo, el nudo propietario puede adelantar los fondos necesarios. Si lo hace, el nudo propietario puede exigir al usufructuario que le pague intereses durante el período del usufructo. Si el nudo propietario no adelanta los fondos, puede exigir que la totalidad o parte del bien se venda según sea necesario para pagar la deuda. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 591. Si los bienes objeto del usufructo se venden para pagar deudas de la sucesión o una deuda de quien constituyó el usufructo, el usufructo continúa sobre los fondos resultantes de la venta del bien que queden después de pago de la deuda. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 592. En caso de que haya más de un usufructuario del mismo bien, cada uno contribuye al pago de las deudas de la sucesión que pesen sobre el bien en proporción a su uso del bien. En caso de que uno o más usufructuarios no adelanten su parte, los que adelanten los fondos tendrán el derecho de recuperarlos de los que no hayan contribuido. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 593. A menos que rija una disposición testamentaria, el legado de la renta vitalicia que afecta al bien objeto del usufructo se debe pagar primero con los frutos y productos del bien objeto del usufructo y luego con el bien mismo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 706 de 1990; sección 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 594. Las costas judiciales en los procesos vinculados con el bien objeto del usufructo se regulan de acuerdo con las reglas del Código Procesal Civil. Los gastos de litigación que no sean las costas judiciales se distribuyen entre usufructuarios y nudos propietarios conforme a los siguientes artículos. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 595. Los padres que tienen el usufructo legal sobre los bienes de sus hijos están obligados por los gastos de litigación en relación con los bienes de la misma manera que si fueran dueños. Sin embargo, el juez puede ordenar que, finalizado el usufructo, se reintegren los gastos en caso de que obrar de otro modo lleve a inequidad. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 596. Los usufructuarios convencionales están obligados por los gastos de litigación con terceros en relación con el goce de los bienes. Los gastos de litigación con terceros en relación con el goce y la titularidad se dividen equitativamente entre el usufructuario y el nudo propietario. Los gastos de litigación entre el usufructuario y el nudo propietario están a cargo de la persona que los contrajo. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 597. El usufructuario que pierde una servidumbre predial por falta de uso o que permite que se adquiera una servidumbre sobre el bien por prescripción responde ante el nudo propietario. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 598. Si, durante la existencia del usufructo, un tercero usurpa el inmueble o vulnera de otro modo los derechos del nudo propietario, el usufructuario debe informar al nudo propietario. En caso de que no lo haga, será responsable por los daños que pueda sufrir el nudo propietario. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 599. Cuando el usufructo incluye una manada de animales, el usufructuario está obligado a usarla como administrador prudente y a reemplazar mediante el aumento de la manada a los animales que mueran. Si perece la manada completa sin culpa del usufructuario, la pérdida es soportada por el nudo propietario. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 600. El usufructuario puede disponer de animales determinados de la manada, con sujeción a la obligación de entregar al nudo propietario a la finalización del usufructo el valor que tenían los animales al momento de la disposición.

El usufructuario también puede disponer de la manada o de una parte sustancial de ella, siempre y cuando actúe como administrador prudente. En tal caso, el producido está sujeto a las disposiciones del artículo 618. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

Art. 601. El usufructuario puede quitar todas las mejoras que haya hecho, con sujeción a la obligación de restituir el bien a su estado anterior. No puede reclamar al propietario el reintegro por las mejoras que no quite o que no puedan quitarse. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976; sec. 1, ley n.^o 881 de 2010, vigente desde el 2 de julio de 2010].

Art. 602. El usufructuario puede compensar el valor de las mejoras que no puedan quitarse con la indemnización debida al propietario por la destrucción o el deterioro del bien objeto del usufructo, siempre que las mejoras hayan sido realizadas conforme al artículo 558. [Sec. 1, ley n.^o 103 de 1976].

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